Disclaimer: The PFAS measurements reported here represent initial laboratory findings that have not been subjected to full validation and quality assurance/quality control procedures, and should be considered preliminary.
As part of the North Carolina Per and Polyfuoroalkyl Substances Testing (PFAST) Network statewide sampling effort (ncpfastnetwork.com), a raw water sample collected from CAROLINA BEACH WATER SYSTEM (NC0465015) on 2019-05-29 by the Ferguson Lab (Trip no. 18) was analyzed for 52 PFAS chemicals by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations of individual chemicals are reported in parts-per-trillion (ppt, i.e., ng of chemical per liter water).
PFAS compounds are not currently regulated as drinking water contaminants by any federal or state agencies and thus the measurements reported here are not intended to be used in enforcement actions. The US EPA has established a lifetime health advisory level (HAL) of 70 parts-per-trillion (ng/L or ppt) for combined perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in drinking water. In addition, the NC DHHS has established a health goal based on risk assessment for GenX in drinking water of 140 ppt. These advisory levels should be considered when evaluating PFAS measurement levels reported below for raw drinking water.
Reporting Limit (RL): This is the lowest concentration that can be confidently quantified in water samples for an individual PFAS chemical. This level is a function of instrument sensitivity, reproducibility, and precision. The RL typically (but not always) represents the lowest concentration point on the calibration curve, and it is always higher (often much higher) than the method detection limit (MDL) for a given PFAS analyte.
The sum of PFOA and PFOS was 0 ppt. This represents 0% of the EPA HAL of 70 ppt for PFOA + PFOS.
The total concentration of PFAS compounds detected was 0 ppt. This represents 0% of the EPA HAL of 70 ng/L for PFOA+PFOS.
Figure 1: Concentrations of individual PFAS compounds.
Table 1 Concentrations of PFAS compounds detected in parts-per-trillion (ppt). Gray values indicate compounds below the reporting limit (RL). Bold rows indicate occurence in excess of the EPA Health Advisory Limit (HAL) for PFOS + PFOA of 70 ppt.
Analyte Name | Abbreviation | CAS Registry Number | Concentration (ppt) | RL (ppt) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fluorotelomer Sulfonates | ||||
4:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 4:2 PFS | 757124-72-4 | <RL | 1 |
6:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 6:2 PFS | 27619-97-2 | <RL | 1 |
8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 8:2 PFS | 39108-34-4 | <RL | 1 |
10:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid | 10:2 PFS | 120226-60-0 | <RL | 1 |
PFCAs | ||||
Perfluorobutanoic acid | PFBA | 375-22-4 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoropentanoic acid | PFPeA | 2706-90-3 | <RL | 2 |
Perfluorohexanoic acid | PFHxA | 307-24-4 | <RL | 2 |
Perfluoroheptanoic acid | PFHpA | 375-85-9 | <RL | 5 |
Perfluorooctanoic acid | PFOA | 335-67-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorononanoic acid | PFNA | 375-95-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorodecanoic acid | PFDA | 335-76-2 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoroundecanoic acid | PFUnDA | 2058-94-8 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorododecanoic acid | PFDoDA | 307-55-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorotridecanoic acid | PFTrDA | 72629-94-8 | <RL | 2 |
Perfluorotetradecanoic acid | PFTeDA | 376-06-7 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorohexadecanoic acid | PFHxDA | 67905-19-5 | <RL | 10 |
PFEACs | ||||
Perfluoro-2-methoxyacetic acid | PFMOAA | 674-13-5 | <RL | 5 |
Perfluoro-2-methoxypropanoic acid | PMPA | 377-73-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro(3,5-dioxahexanoic) acid | PFO2HxA | 39492-88-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro-2-ethoxypropanoic acid | PEPA | 267239-61-2 | <RL | 1 |
1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-ethoxy)ethane sulfonic acid | NVHOS | N/A | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro(3,5,7-trioxaoctanoic) acid | PFO3OA | 39492-89-2 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro-2-propoxypropanoic acid | GenX | 13252-13-6 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro(3,5,7,9-tetraoxadecanoic) acid | PFO4DA | 39492-90-5 | <RL | 1 |
Dodecafluoro-3H-4,8-dioxanonanoic acid | ADONA | 958445-44-8 | <RL | 1 |
Propanoic acid, 3-[1-[difluoro(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)methyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro- | Hydro-EVE acid | 773804-62-9 | <RL | 1 |
2,2,3,3,4,5,5,5-4-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-2-sulfoethoxy)pentanoic acid | Nafion by-product 4 | N/A | <RL | 1 |
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[1-[difluoro[(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)oxy]methyl]-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- | Nafion by-product 1 | 29311-67-9 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoro(3,5,7,9,11-pentaoxadodecanoic) acid | PFO5DoDA | 39492-91-6 | <RL | 2 |
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-[1-[difluoro(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)methyl]-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- | Nafion by-product 2 | 749836-20-2 | <RL | 1 |
9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | F-53B (Major) | 73606-19-6 | <RL | 1 |
11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonate | F-53B (Minor) | 83329-89-9 | <RL | 1 |
PFSAAs | ||||
Perfluorobutane sulfonamide | PFBSA | 30334-69-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorohexane sulfonamide | PFHxSA | 41997-13-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorooctane sulfonamide | PFOSA | 754-91-6 | <RL | 1 |
N-methylperfluorooctane sulfamide | NMeFOSA | 31506-32-8 | <RL | 1 |
N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfamide | NEtFOSA | 4151-50-2 | <RL | 1 |
N-methylperfluorooctane sulfamidoethanol | NMeFOSE | 24448-09-7 | <RL | 1 |
N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid | NMeFOSAA | 2355-31-9 | <RL | 1 |
N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfamidoethanol | NEtFOSE | 1691-99-2 | <RL | 1 |
N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamidoacetic acid | NEtFOSAA | 2991-50-6 | <RL | 5 |
PFSAs | ||||
Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid | PFBS | 375-73-5 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluoropentanesulfonic acid | PFPeS | 2706-91-4 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid | PFHxS | 355-46-4 | <RL | 2 |
Perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid | PFHpS | 375-92-8 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid | PFOS | 1763-23-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorononanesulfonic acid | PFNS | 68259-12-1 | <RL | 1 |
Perfluorodecanesulfonic acid | PFDS | 2806-15-7 | <RL | 10 |
Perfluorododecanesulfonic acid | PFDoS | 79780-39-5 | <RL | 10 |
Zwitterions | ||||
N-(3-dimethylaminopropan-1-yl)perfluoro-1-hexane-sulfonamide | N-AP-FHxSA | 50598-28-2 | <RL | 5 |
N-[3-(perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonamido)propan-1-yl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium | N-TAmP-FHxSA | 38850-51-0 | <RL | 1 |
N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-N-[3-(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-octanesulfonamido)propan-1-yl]ammonium | N-CMAmP-6:2FOSA (6:2 FTAB) | 34455-29-3 | <RL | 2 |